20世纪80年代,NKT细胞最先发现于小鼠体内。1986年,日本免疫学界的谷口克团队在小鼠血液内发现一种表达恒定Vα14基因的T细胞抗原受体(TCR),拥有与其他TCR不同的基因结构。直至20世纪90年代后期,科学家在人体中也发现了NKT细胞,并将其首次命名。自此,天然存在的一种T细胞亚群——自然杀伤性T(NKT)细胞进入了研究者的视野,因其独特的表型和功能,NKT细胞受到了全球研究者的高度重视,一系列围绕着细胞学特性、分型、功能等方面的深入探究活动陆续开展。2004年,《Nature Reviews Immunology》刊登了一篇名为 NKT cells: what’s in a name? 的综述,阐述了NKT细胞在免疫反应中的调节作用及其细胞亚群的存在,试图澄清NKT细胞与类NKT细胞的区别2。相关研究结果不断涌现,阐明NKT细胞在免疫系统中的生物学意义,为后续探究NKT细胞在肿瘤免疫中的作用机制奠定了坚实的理论基础。
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2.Godfrey D I, MacDonald H R, Kronenberg M, et al. NKT cells: what’s in a name?[J]. Nature Reviews Immunology, 2004, 4(3): 231-237.
3.Kronenberg M, Gapin L. The unconventional lifestyle of NKT cells[J]. Nature Reviews Immunology, 2002, 2(8): 557-568.
4.Lee C H, Chiang Y H, Chang S E, et al. Tumor-localized ligation of CD3 and CD28 with systemic regulatory T-cell depletion induces potent innate and adaptive antitumor responses[J]. Clinical Cancer Research, 2009, 15(8): 2756-2766.
5.L A B, M M K, Colin G, et al. The effect of blocking immune checkpoints LAG-3 and PD-1 on human invariant Natural Killer T cell function [J]. Scientific reports,2023,13(1).
6.Izhak L, Ambrosino E, Kato S, et al. Delicate balance among three types of T cells in concurrent regulation of tumor immunity[J]. Cancer research, 2013, 73(5): 1514-1523.
7.Nelson A, Lukacs J D, Johnston B. The current landscape of NKT cell immunotherapy and the hills ahead[J]. Cancers, 2021, 13(20): 5174.
8.Coquet J M, Kyparissoudis K, Pellicci D G, et al. IL-21 is produced by NKT cells and modulates NKT cell activation and cytokine production[J]. The Journal of Immunology, 2007, 178(5): 2827-2834.
9.Sag D, Özkan M, Kronenberg M, et al. Improved detection of cytokines produced by invariant NKT cells[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1): 16607.