基底层 (Stratum basale )为具有分裂能力的细胞,会定期分裂出新的角质细胞。基底层细胞靠表面的一端具有富含黑色素的构造 ( 黑色素盖,melanin cap ),可吸收紫外线,降低其对细胞核内遗传物质的伤害。而大家都知道晒太阳皮肤会变黑,其主要原因是黑色素细胞与基底层的角质细胞平行排列在表皮最底层,在受到紫外线的刺激下产生黑色素(如下图所示),具吸收高能紫外线的功能,能降低紫外线对于分裂中角质细胞 DNA 的破坏,减少皮肤癌化的风险。
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